What to say in court
Most hearing nerves come from not knowing the structure. Generate a personalised opening statement and follow the simple do's and don'ts below.
A small claims hearing follows a predictable rhythm: opening, evidence, the other side, response, decision. Knowing the order is half the battle.
Opening statement generator
Do's and don'ts
| Do | Don't |
|---|---|
| Address the judge as "Your Honour" | Interrupt the judge or the other side |
| Speak slowly and stick to facts | Argue emotionally or insult anyone |
| Point to specific evidence by number | Bring up documents you never disclosed |
| Answer the question asked, then stop | Ramble or repeat yourself |
| Bring three organised copies | Hand over a disorganised pile |
Frequently asked questions
What do I say first in small claims court?
Introduce yourself, state in one sentence what the case is about and the amount, then say you will walk the judge through your evidence. Keep the opening under 60 seconds.
How should I address the judge?
In most Canadian and US courts, 'Your Honour' is safe. In some tribunals 'Madam Adjudicator' or 'Sir/Madam' is used. When unsure, 'Your Honour' is rarely wrong.
Can I read from notes?
Yes. Judges expect self-represented people to use notes. A short, organised outline keeps you calm and on track. Do not read a long speech word for word.
What if I get nervous or forget something?
Pause, breathe, and look at your notes. It is fine to say 'May I check my notes, Your Honour?' Judges are patient with self-represented litigants who are respectful and prepared.
Should I interrupt the other side?
No. Let them finish, take notes, and respond when it is your turn. Interrupting frustrates judges and weakens your credibility.